AHCI RESEARCH GROUP
Publications
Papers published in international journals,
proceedings of conferences, workshops and books.
OUR RESEARCH
Scientific Publications
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You can expand the Abstract, Links and BibTex record for each paper.
2023
Augello, Agnese; Caggianese, Giuseppe; Gallo, Luigi
VITE I Conference: Contributes in the Frame of a Human Augmentation Space Journal Article
In: Journal of the Italian Astronomical Society, vol. 94, no. 1, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artificial intelligence, Augmented Reality, Enactivism, Human augmentation, Virtual Reality
@article{augelloVITEConferenceContributes2023,
title = {VITE I Conference: Contributes in the Frame of a Human Augmentation Space},
author = { Agnese Augello and Giuseppe Caggianese and Luigi Gallo},
url = {https://memsait.oa-roma.inaf.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023MmSAI..1...97A.pdf},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Italian Astronomical Society},
volume = {94},
number = {1},
abstract = {Our contribution is to examine some of the works presented during the VITE I conference from a perspective of Human Augmentation (HA). In the paper, we provide a definition of HA framed by Enactivism theory, also schematizing our viewpoint in a threedimensional space and into an architecture for designing and implementing HA systems.},
keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Augmented Reality, Enactivism, Human augmentation, Virtual Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Our contribution is to examine some of the works presented during the VITE I conference from a perspective of Human Augmentation (HA). In the paper, we provide a definition of HA framed by Enactivism theory, also schematizing our viewpoint in a threedimensional space and into an architecture for designing and implementing HA systems.
2022
Casoria, Luigi; Gallo, Luigi; Caggianese, Giuseppe
Safeguarding Face-To-Face Communication in Augmented Reality: An Adaptive Interface Proceedings Article
In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for Extended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE), pp. 127–132, IEEE, 2022, ISBN: 978-1-66548-574-6.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adaptive interface, Augmented Reality, Data visualization, Mobile computing, Patient monitoring, Ubiquitous computing, User interface
@inproceedings{casoriaSafeguardingFaceToFaceCommunication2022,
title = {Safeguarding Face-To-Face Communication in Augmented Reality: An Adaptive Interface},
author = { Luigi Casoria and Luigi Gallo and Giuseppe Caggianese},
doi = {10.1109/MetroXRAINE54828.2022.9967661},
isbn = {978-1-66548-574-6},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
urldate = {2023-03-15},
booktitle = {2022 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for Extended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)},
pages = {127--132},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Recent advances in wearable augmented reality devices foster the vision of ubiquitous interaction in an immersive, digitally augmented, physical world. Assuming that such devices could one day replace smartphones for accessing information, creating interfaces safeguarding face-to-face communication is challenging. This work presents the design of an interface that adapts the information visualisation to the presence of a possible interlocutor while allowing a high level of user control. The aim was to define an interface for wearable devices adaptive to interactions coming from the surrounding environment and expressly thought for application domains in which it will be necessary to continuously monitor information. For instance, those applications that require monitoring patient data in medical applications or the progress of a production process in an industrial environment. We focused on human-to-human communication, minimising the use of mid-air interaction to hide the synthetic information that might interrupt the conversation flow. Two different visualisation modalities allowing the coexistence of real and virtual worlds are proposed and evaluated in a preliminary study with six participants who showed a generalised appreciation for the solution which maximises the display of information requiring less user intervention.},
keywords = {Adaptive interface, Augmented Reality, Data visualization, Mobile computing, Patient monitoring, Ubiquitous computing, User interface},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Recent advances in wearable augmented reality devices foster the vision of ubiquitous interaction in an immersive, digitally augmented, physical world. Assuming that such devices could one day replace smartphones for accessing information, creating interfaces safeguarding face-to-face communication is challenging. This work presents the design of an interface that adapts the information visualisation to the presence of a possible interlocutor while allowing a high level of user control. The aim was to define an interface for wearable devices adaptive to interactions coming from the surrounding environment and expressly thought for application domains in which it will be necessary to continuously monitor information. For instance, those applications that require monitoring patient data in medical applications or the progress of a production process in an industrial environment. We focused on human-to-human communication, minimising the use of mid-air interaction to hide the synthetic information that might interrupt the conversation flow. Two different visualisation modalities allowing the coexistence of real and virtual worlds are proposed and evaluated in a preliminary study with six participants who showed a generalised appreciation for the solution which maximises the display of information requiring less user intervention.
2021
Augello, Agnese; Infantino, Ignazio; Pilato, Giovanni; Vitale, Gianpaolo
In: Future Internet, vol. 13, no. 4, 2021, ISSN: 19995903.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Multimodal Interaction, User Behavior Analysis
@article{augelloSiteExperienceEnhancement2021,
title = {Site Experience Enhancement and Perspective in Cultural Heritage Fruition— a Survey on New Technologies and Methodologies Based on a ``Four-Pillars'' Approach},
author = { Agnese Augello and Ignazio Infantino and Giovanni Pilato and Gianpaolo Vitale},
doi = {10.3390/fi13040092},
issn = {19995903},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Future Internet},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
abstract = {This paper deals with innovative fruition modalities of cultural heritage sites. Based on two ongoing experiments, four pillars are considered, that is, User Localization, Multimodal Interaction, User Understanding and Gamification. A survey of the existing literature regarding one or more issues related to the four pillars is proposed. It aims to put in evidence the exploitation of these contributions to cultural heritage. It is discussed how a cultural site can be enriched, extended and transformed into an intelligent multimodal environment in this perspective. This new augmented environment can focus on the visitor, analyze his activity and behavior, and make his experience more satisfying, fulfilling and unique. After an in-depth overview of the existing technologies and methodologies for the fruition of cultural interest sites, the two experiments are described in detail and the authors' vision of the future is proposed. textcopyright 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Multimodal Interaction, User Behavior Analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper deals with innovative fruition modalities of cultural heritage sites. Based on two ongoing experiments, four pillars are considered, that is, User Localization, Multimodal Interaction, User Understanding and Gamification. A survey of the existing literature regarding one or more issues related to the four pillars is proposed. It aims to put in evidence the exploitation of these contributions to cultural heritage. It is discussed how a cultural site can be enriched, extended and transformed into an intelligent multimodal environment in this perspective. This new augmented environment can focus on the visitor, analyze his activity and behavior, and make his experience more satisfying, fulfilling and unique. After an in-depth overview of the existing technologies and methodologies for the fruition of cultural interest sites, the two experiments are described in detail and the authors' vision of the future is proposed. textcopyright 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
2020
Scianna, Andrea; Gaglio, Giuseppe Fulvio; Guardia, Marcello La
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY, TLS SURVEY and 3D MODELLING for VR and AR APPLICATIONS in CH Proceedings Article
In: N., Mallet C. Lafarge F. Remondino F. Toschi I. Fuse T. Paparoditis (Ed.): International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, pp. 901–909, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 3D Modelling, Augmented Reality, Digital Photogrammetry, Image Reconstruction, Terrestrial Laser Scanners, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Virtual Reality
@inproceedings{sciannaDIGITALPHOTOGRAMMETRYTLS2020a,
title = {DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY, TLS SURVEY and 3D MODELLING for VR and AR APPLICATIONS in CH},
author = { Andrea Scianna and Giuseppe Fulvio Gaglio and Marcello La Guardia},
editor = { Mallet C. Lafarge F. Remondino F. Toschi I. Fuse T. Paparoditis N.},
doi = {10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2020-901-2020},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives},
volume = {43},
pages = {901--909},
publisher = {International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
abstract = {The world of valorization of Cultural Heritage is even more focused on the virtual representation and reconstructions of digital 3D models of monuments and archaeological sites. In this scenario the quality and the performances offered by the virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) navigation take primary importance, improving the accessibility of cultural sites where the real access is not allowed for natural conditions or human possibilities. The creation of a virtual environment useful for these purposes requires a specific workflow to follow, combining different strategies in the fields of survey, 3D modelling and virtual navigation. In this work a specific case of study has been analyzed as a practical example, the church of ^gtexteuro San Giorgio dei Genovesi', settled in the Historic Centre of Palermo (Italy). The acquisition of geometric information has been obtained with the integration of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) technologies and the photogrammetric reconstruction from mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipment. The obtained point cloud has been georeferred considering a network of Ground Control Points (GCP) acquired by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The final point cloud has been processed and properly simplified through 3D modelling procedures, to obtain a realistic and light 3D model reconstruction. The model has hence employed into a VR WEB navigation system and will be used for AR outdoor application in the future, allowing to obtain different solutions for empowering the accessibility of the cultural good. The strategy of 3D CH model reconstruction, followed in this work, could be considered a reference methodology for the development of VR gaming applications finalized to CH valorization and AR applications, applied to museums or touristic paths in historical centres. textcopyright 2020 International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives.},
keywords = {3D Modelling, Augmented Reality, Digital Photogrammetry, Image Reconstruction, Terrestrial Laser Scanners, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Virtual Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The world of valorization of Cultural Heritage is even more focused on the virtual representation and reconstructions of digital 3D models of monuments and archaeological sites. In this scenario the quality and the performances offered by the virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) navigation take primary importance, improving the accessibility of cultural sites where the real access is not allowed for natural conditions or human possibilities. The creation of a virtual environment useful for these purposes requires a specific workflow to follow, combining different strategies in the fields of survey, 3D modelling and virtual navigation. In this work a specific case of study has been analyzed as a practical example, the church of ^gtexteuro San Giorgio dei Genovesi', settled in the Historic Centre of Palermo (Italy). The acquisition of geometric information has been obtained with the integration of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) technologies and the photogrammetric reconstruction from mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipment. The obtained point cloud has been georeferred considering a network of Ground Control Points (GCP) acquired by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The final point cloud has been processed and properly simplified through 3D modelling procedures, to obtain a realistic and light 3D model reconstruction. The model has hence employed into a VR WEB navigation system and will be used for AR outdoor application in the future, allowing to obtain different solutions for empowering the accessibility of the cultural good. The strategy of 3D CH model reconstruction, followed in this work, could be considered a reference methodology for the development of VR gaming applications finalized to CH valorization and AR applications, applied to museums or touristic paths in historical centres. textcopyright 2020 International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives.
Scianna, Andrea; Gaglio, Giuseppe Fulvio; Grima, Reuben; Guardia, Marcello La
THE VIRTUALIZATION of CH for HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION: The AR FRUITION of the FOUNTAIN of ST. GEORGE SQUARE in VALLETTA (MALTA) Proceedings Article
In: K., Ellul C. Morley J. Home R. Kalantari M. Wong (Ed.): International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, pp. 143–149, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 3D Modelling, Archaeological Site, Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Digital Photogrammetry, Historical Reconstruction, Terrestrial Laser Scanners
@inproceedings{sciannaVIRTUALIZATIONCHHISTORICAL2020a,
title = {THE VIRTUALIZATION of CH for HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION: The AR FRUITION of the FOUNTAIN of ST. GEORGE SQUARE in VALLETTA (MALTA)},
author = { Andrea Scianna and Giuseppe Fulvio Gaglio and Reuben Grima and Marcello La Guardia},
editor = { Ellul C. Morley J. Home R. Kalantari M. Wong K.},
doi = {10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIV-4-W1-2020-143-2020},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives},
volume = {44},
pages = {143--149},
publisher = {International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
abstract = {Improving accessibility to Cultural Heritage (CH) is an increasingly urgent challenge today. It is not only a matter of physical inaccessibility but also temporal, considering that part of CH now lost. Fortunately, the most modern technological tools are helping to break down both space and time barriers. In facts, recent advances in representation, 3D modelling and survey methodologies opened new scenarios for valorization and conservation of CH. In particular, the improvement of quality in resolution and sensor sensitivity of cameras allowed to achieve the right level of 3D reconstruction through digital photogrammetry procedures. In the same field, terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) allowed acquiring dense point clouds of complex environments with a millimetric level of accuracy. At the same time, the application of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies is an excellent solution for improving the accessibility to monuments, museums and archaeological sites. It is possible to share new levels of information about CH, in space and time, for touristic, managerial and scientific aims. This work is focused on the virtualization of CH, considering the study case of the fountain of Wignacourt, today present in St. Philip Garden in Floriana and initially located in Valletta (Malta). The application presented allows the virtual fruition of the monument placed in its original location, St. George Square. A simplified plant of the square will enable tourists to make a temporal journey in the past with their mobile device. The work is part of the Interreg Italia-Malta European project named I-Access, dedicated to the improvement of CH accessibility. It focuses the attention to the experimentation of new specific procedures in Geomatics necessary to solve big data issues of complex environment visualization. textcopyright Authors 2020.},
keywords = {3D Modelling, Archaeological Site, Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Digital Photogrammetry, Historical Reconstruction, Terrestrial Laser Scanners},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Improving accessibility to Cultural Heritage (CH) is an increasingly urgent challenge today. It is not only a matter of physical inaccessibility but also temporal, considering that part of CH now lost. Fortunately, the most modern technological tools are helping to break down both space and time barriers. In facts, recent advances in representation, 3D modelling and survey methodologies opened new scenarios for valorization and conservation of CH. In particular, the improvement of quality in resolution and sensor sensitivity of cameras allowed to achieve the right level of 3D reconstruction through digital photogrammetry procedures. In the same field, terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) allowed acquiring dense point clouds of complex environments with a millimetric level of accuracy. At the same time, the application of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies is an excellent solution for improving the accessibility to monuments, museums and archaeological sites. It is possible to share new levels of information about CH, in space and time, for touristic, managerial and scientific aims. This work is focused on the virtualization of CH, considering the study case of the fountain of Wignacourt, today present in St. Philip Garden in Floriana and initially located in Valletta (Malta). The application presented allows the virtual fruition of the monument placed in its original location, St. George Square. A simplified plant of the square will enable tourists to make a temporal journey in the past with their mobile device. The work is part of the Interreg Italia-Malta European project named I-Access, dedicated to the improvement of CH accessibility. It focuses the attention to the experimentation of new specific procedures in Geomatics necessary to solve big data issues of complex environment visualization. textcopyright Authors 2020.
2019
Caggianese, Giuseppe; Colonnese, Valerio; Gallo, Luigi
Situated Visualization in Augmented Reality: Exploring Information Seeking Strategies Proceedings Article
In: 2019 15th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), pp. 390–395, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Human computer interaction, Task analysis, Visualization
@inproceedings{caggianeseSituatedVisualizationAugmented2019,
title = {Situated Visualization in Augmented Reality: Exploring Information Seeking Strategies},
author = { Giuseppe Caggianese and Valerio Colonnese and Luigi Gallo},
doi = {10.1109/SITIS.2019.00069},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-01},
booktitle = {2019 15th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology Internet-Based Systems (SITIS)},
pages = {390--395},
abstract = {In recent years augmented reality applications have been increasingly demonstrating the requirement for an interaction with information related to and directly shown in the surrounding environment. Situated information is visualized in its semantic and spatial context, building up an environment enhanced by an information level that dynamically adapts to the production of the information and to the actions of the user. The exploration and manipulation of this type of data through see-through augmented reality devices still represents a challenging task. The development of specific interaction strategies capable to mitigating the current limitations of augmented reality devices is essential. In this context, our contribution has been to design possible solutions to address some of these challenges allowing a dynamic interaction with situated information. Following the visual "information-seeking mantra" proposed by Shneiderman and introducing some "superpowers" for the users, in this work we present different strategies aimed at obtaining an overview and filtering, and acquiring details of a collection of situated data.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Human computer interaction, Task analysis, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In recent years augmented reality applications have been increasingly demonstrating the requirement for an interaction with information related to and directly shown in the surrounding environment. Situated information is visualized in its semantic and spatial context, building up an environment enhanced by an information level that dynamically adapts to the production of the information and to the actions of the user. The exploration and manipulation of this type of data through see-through augmented reality devices still represents a challenging task. The development of specific interaction strategies capable to mitigating the current limitations of augmented reality devices is essential. In this context, our contribution has been to design possible solutions to address some of these challenges allowing a dynamic interaction with situated information. Following the visual "information-seeking mantra" proposed by Shneiderman and introducing some "superpowers" for the users, in this work we present different strategies aimed at obtaining an overview and filtering, and acquiring details of a collection of situated data.
Scianna, Andrea; Gaglio, Giuseppe Fulvio; la Guardia, Marcello
Augmented Reality for Cultural Heritage: The Rebirth of a Historical Square Proceedings Article
In: P., Murtiyoso A. Macher H. Assi R. Grussenmeyer (Ed.): International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, pp. 303–308, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 3D Modelling, 3D Printing, Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Image Reconstruction, Mobile Applications, Photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanners
@inproceedings{sciannaAugmentedRealityCultural2019a,
title = {Augmented Reality for Cultural Heritage: The Rebirth of a Historical Square},
author = { Andrea Scianna and Giuseppe Fulvio Gaglio and Marcello {la Guardia}},
editor = { Murtiyoso A. Macher H. Assi R. Grussenmeyer P.},
doi = {10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W17-303-2019},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives},
volume = {42},
pages = {303--308},
publisher = {International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
abstract = {The case study, faced in this paper, arises in the context of Interreg Italia-Malta European project named I-Access, dedicated to the improvement of accessibility to Cultural Heritage (CH). Accessibility considered not only as the demolition of physical architectural barriers, but also as the possibility of fruition of CH through technological tools that can increase its perception and knowledge. Last achievements in photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) technology offered new methods of data acquisition in the field of CH, giving the possibility of monitoring and processing big data, in the form of point clouds. Ever in this field, reverse engineering techniques and computer graphics are even more used for involving visitors to discover CH, with navigation into 3D reconstructions, empowering the real visualization adding further 3D information through the Augmented Reality (AR). At the same time, recent advances on rapid prototyping technologies grant the automated 3D printing of scaled 3D model reconstructions of real CH elements allowing the tactile fruition of visitors that suffer from visual defects and the connection with 3D AR visualizations. The presented work shows how these technologies could revive an historical square, the Piazza Garraffo in Palermo (Italy), with the virtual insertion of its baroque fountain, originally placed there. The final products of this work are an indoor and an outdoor AR mobile application, that allow the visualization of the historical original asset of the square. This study case shows how the mixing of AR and the rapid prototyping technologies could be useful for the improvement of the fruition of CH. This work could be considered a multidisciplinary experimentation, where different technologies, today still in development, contribute to the same goal aimed at improving the accessibility of the monument for enhancing the fruition of CH. textcopyright Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License},
keywords = {3D Modelling, 3D Printing, Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Image Reconstruction, Mobile Applications, Photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanners},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The case study, faced in this paper, arises in the context of Interreg Italia-Malta European project named I-Access, dedicated to the improvement of accessibility to Cultural Heritage (CH). Accessibility considered not only as the demolition of physical architectural barriers, but also as the possibility of fruition of CH through technological tools that can increase its perception and knowledge. Last achievements in photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) technology offered new methods of data acquisition in the field of CH, giving the possibility of monitoring and processing big data, in the form of point clouds. Ever in this field, reverse engineering techniques and computer graphics are even more used for involving visitors to discover CH, with navigation into 3D reconstructions, empowering the real visualization adding further 3D information through the Augmented Reality (AR). At the same time, recent advances on rapid prototyping technologies grant the automated 3D printing of scaled 3D model reconstructions of real CH elements allowing the tactile fruition of visitors that suffer from visual defects and the connection with 3D AR visualizations. The presented work shows how these technologies could revive an historical square, the Piazza Garraffo in Palermo (Italy), with the virtual insertion of its baroque fountain, originally placed there. The final products of this work are an indoor and an outdoor AR mobile application, that allow the visualization of the historical original asset of the square. This study case shows how the mixing of AR and the rapid prototyping technologies could be useful for the improvement of the fruition of CH. This work could be considered a multidisciplinary experimentation, where different technologies, today still in development, contribute to the same goal aimed at improving the accessibility of the monument for enhancing the fruition of CH. textcopyright Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License
2017
Brancati, Nadia; Caggianese, Giuseppe; Frucci, Maria; Gallo, Luigi; Neroni, Pietro
Experiencing Touchless Interaction with Augmented Content on Wearable Head-Mounted Displays in Cultural Heritage Applications Journal Article
In: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 203–217, 2017, ISSN: 1617-4909, 1617-4917.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Point-and-click interface, RGB-D, Touchless interaction, User study
@article{brancatiExperiencingTouchlessInteraction2017,
title = {Experiencing Touchless Interaction with Augmented Content on Wearable Head-Mounted Displays in Cultural Heritage Applications},
author = { Nadia Brancati and Giuseppe Caggianese and Maria Frucci and Luigi Gallo and Pietro Neroni},
doi = {10.1007/s00779-016-0987-8},
issn = {1617-4909, 1617-4917},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2016-12-06},
journal = {Personal and Ubiquitous Computing},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {203--217},
abstract = {The cultural heritage could benefit significantly from the integration of wearable augmented reality (AR). This technology has the potential to guide the user and provide her with both in-depth information, without distracting her from the context, and a natural interaction, which can further allow her to explore and navigate her way through a huge amount of cultural information. The integration of touchless interaction and augmented reality is particularly challenging. On the technical side, the human-machine interface has to be reliable so as to guide users across the real world, which is composed of cluttered backgrounds and severe changes in illumination conditions. On the user experience side, the interface has to provide precise interaction tools while minimizing the perceived task difficulty. In this study, an interactive wearable AR system to augment the environment with cultural information is described. To confer robustness to the interface, a strategy that takes advantage of both depth and color data to find the most reliable information on each single frame is introduced. Moreover, the results of an ISO 9241-9 user study performed in both indoor and outdoor conditions are presented and discussed. The experimental results show that, by using both depth and color data, the interface can behave consistently in different indoor and outdoor scenarios. Furthermore, the results show that the presence of a virtual pointer in the augmented visualization significantly reduces the users error rate in selection tasks.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Point-and-click interface, RGB-D, Touchless interaction, User study},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The cultural heritage could benefit significantly from the integration of wearable augmented reality (AR). This technology has the potential to guide the user and provide her with both in-depth information, without distracting her from the context, and a natural interaction, which can further allow her to explore and navigate her way through a huge amount of cultural information. The integration of touchless interaction and augmented reality is particularly challenging. On the technical side, the human-machine interface has to be reliable so as to guide users across the real world, which is composed of cluttered backgrounds and severe changes in illumination conditions. On the user experience side, the interface has to provide precise interaction tools while minimizing the perceived task difficulty. In this study, an interactive wearable AR system to augment the environment with cultural information is described. To confer robustness to the interface, a strategy that takes advantage of both depth and color data to find the most reliable information on each single frame is introduced. Moreover, the results of an ISO 9241-9 user study performed in both indoor and outdoor conditions are presented and discussed. The experimental results show that, by using both depth and color data, the interface can behave consistently in different indoor and outdoor scenarios. Furthermore, the results show that the presence of a virtual pointer in the augmented visualization significantly reduces the users error rate in selection tasks.
2016
Caggianese, Giuseppe; Gallo, Luigi; Neroni, Pietro
Touchless Disambiguation Techniques for Wearable Augmented Reality Systems Proceedings Article
In: Pietro, Giuseppe De; Gallo, Luigi; Howlett, Robert J.; Jain, Lakhmi C. (Ed.): Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services 2016, pp. 547–556, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, 2016, ISBN: 978-3-319-39344-5 978-3-319-39345-2.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Depth ray, SQUAD, Touchless interaction
@inproceedings{caggianeseTouchlessDisambiguationTechniques2016,
title = {Touchless Disambiguation Techniques for Wearable Augmented Reality Systems},
author = { Giuseppe Caggianese and Luigi Gallo and Pietro Neroni},
editor = { Giuseppe De Pietro and Luigi Gallo and Robert J. Howlett and Lakhmi C. Jain},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39345-2_48},
isbn = {978-3-319-39344-5 978-3-319-39345-2},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-01},
urldate = {2016-12-06},
booktitle = {Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services 2016},
volume = {55},
pages = {547--556},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland},
address = {Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain},
series = {Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies},
abstract = {The paper concerns target disambiguation techniques in egocentric vision for wearable augmented reality systems. In particular, the paper focuses on two of the most commonly used selection techniques in immersive environments: Depth Ray and SQUAD. The design and implementation of such techniques in a touchless augmented reality interface, together with the results of a preliminary usability evaluation carried out with inexpert users, are discussed. The user study provides insights on users' preferences when dealing with the precision-velocity trade-off in selection tasks, carried out in an augmented reality scenario.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Depth ray, SQUAD, Touchless interaction},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The paper concerns target disambiguation techniques in egocentric vision for wearable augmented reality systems. In particular, the paper focuses on two of the most commonly used selection techniques in immersive environments: Depth Ray and SQUAD. The design and implementation of such techniques in a touchless augmented reality interface, together with the results of a preliminary usability evaluation carried out with inexpert users, are discussed. The user study provides insights on users' preferences when dealing with the precision-velocity trade-off in selection tasks, carried out in an augmented reality scenario.
2015
Brancati, Nadia; Caggianese, Giuseppe; Pietro, Giuseppe De; Frucci, Maria; Gallo, Luigi; Neroni, Pietro
Usability Evaluation of a Wearable Augmented Reality System for the Enjoyment of the Cultural Heritage Proceedings Article
In: 2015 The 11th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology and Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), pp. 768–774, IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4673-9721-6.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Touchless interaction, User study
@inproceedings{brancatiUsabilityEvaluationWearable2015,
title = {Usability Evaluation of a Wearable Augmented Reality System for the Enjoyment of the Cultural Heritage},
author = { Nadia Brancati and Giuseppe Caggianese and Giuseppe De Pietro and Maria Frucci and Luigi Gallo and Pietro Neroni},
doi = {10.1109/SITIS.2015.98},
isbn = {978-1-4673-9721-6},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-01},
urldate = {2016-12-06},
booktitle = {2015 The 11th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology and Internet-Based Systems (SITIS)},
pages = {768--774},
publisher = {IEEE},
address = {Bangkok, Thailand},
abstract = {The recent availability of low cost wearable augmented reality (WAR) technologies is leveraging the design of applications in the cultural heritage domain in order to support users in their emotional journey among the cultural artefacts and monuments of a city. In this paper, we describe a user study evaluating the usability of a wearable augmented reality touchless interface for the enjoyment of the cultural heritage in outdoor environments. The usability evaluation has been carried out in out-of-lab settings with inexperienced users, during a three day exhibition in the city of Naples. The presented results are related to the ease of use and learning of the system, and to the user's satisfaction in the enjoyment of the system.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Touchless interaction, User study},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The recent availability of low cost wearable augmented reality (WAR) technologies is leveraging the design of applications in the cultural heritage domain in order to support users in their emotional journey among the cultural artefacts and monuments of a city. In this paper, we describe a user study evaluating the usability of a wearable augmented reality touchless interface for the enjoyment of the cultural heritage in outdoor environments. The usability evaluation has been carried out in out-of-lab settings with inexperienced users, during a three day exhibition in the city of Naples. The presented results are related to the ease of use and learning of the system, and to the user's satisfaction in the enjoyment of the system.
Caggianese, Giuseppe; Gallo, Luigi; Neroni, Pietro
User-Driven View Management for Wearable Augmented Reality Systems in the Cultural Heritage Domain Proceedings Article
In: 2015 10th International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing (3PGCIC), pp. 545–550, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Context awareness, Cultural heritage, Ego-Vision, Visualization
@inproceedings{caggianeseUserDrivenViewManagement2015,
title = {User-Driven View Management for Wearable Augmented Reality Systems in the Cultural Heritage Domain},
author = { Giuseppe Caggianese and Luigi Gallo and Pietro Neroni},
doi = {10.1109/3PGCIC.2015.90},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-01},
booktitle = {2015 10th International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing (3PGCIC)},
pages = {545--550},
abstract = {The recent availability of low cost wearable augmented reality (WAR) technologies, is leveraging the design of applications in many different domains in order to support users in their daily activities. For most of these domains, the large amount of information displayable on top of the reality, directly in the user's field of view, represents an important challenge for designers. In this paper we present a view management technique for placing touristic/cultural information, in the form of points of interest (POIs), in an AR system that works in the absence of a priori knowledge of the real environment. The user-driven view management technique, designed as a remote service, improves representation and displacement of the digital information each time the user manifests an interest in a particular area of the real space. The proposed approach includes a layout algorithm, which exploits the user's local position and her/his point of view direction, to correctly set the POI height in the user's view avoiding overlapping and cluttering, together with an adaptive rendering method, using information about the brightness of the area, that computes the visual appearance parameters of each virtual POI in order to improve its readability over the background.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Context awareness, Cultural heritage, Ego-Vision, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The recent availability of low cost wearable augmented reality (WAR) technologies, is leveraging the design of applications in many different domains in order to support users in their daily activities. For most of these domains, the large amount of information displayable on top of the reality, directly in the user's field of view, represents an important challenge for designers. In this paper we present a view management technique for placing touristic/cultural information, in the form of points of interest (POIs), in an AR system that works in the absence of a priori knowledge of the real environment. The user-driven view management technique, designed as a remote service, improves representation and displacement of the digital information each time the user manifests an interest in a particular area of the real space. The proposed approach includes a layout algorithm, which exploits the user's local position and her/his point of view direction, to correctly set the POI height in the user's view avoiding overlapping and cluttering, together with an adaptive rendering method, using information about the brightness of the area, that computes the visual appearance parameters of each virtual POI in order to improve its readability over the background.
Brancati, Nadia; Caggianese, Giuseppe; Frucci, Maria; Gallo, Luigi; Neroni, Pietro
Touchless Target Selection Techniques for Wearable Augmented Reality Systems Proceedings Article
In: Damiani, Ernesto; Howlett, Robert J.; Jain, Lakhmi C.; Gallo, Luigi; Pietro, Giuseppe De (Ed.): Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services, pp. 1–9, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Sorrento, Italy, 2015, ISBN: 978-3-319-19829-3 978-3-319-19830-9.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air tap, Augmented Reality, Thumb trigger, Touchless interaction, Wait to click
@inproceedings{brancatiTouchlessTargetSelection2015,
title = {Touchless Target Selection Techniques for Wearable Augmented Reality Systems},
author = { Nadia Brancati and Giuseppe Caggianese and Maria Frucci and Luigi Gallo and Pietro Neroni},
editor = { Ernesto Damiani and Robert J. Howlett and Lakhmi C. Jain and Luigi Gallo and Giuseppe De Pietro},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-19830-9_1},
isbn = {978-3-319-19829-3 978-3-319-19830-9},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
urldate = {2016-12-06},
booktitle = {Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services},
volume = {40},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland},
address = {Sorrento, Italy},
series = {Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies},
abstract = {The paper deals with target selection techniques for wearable augmented reality systems. In particular, we focus on the three techniques most commonly used in distant freehand pointing and clicking on large displays: wait to click, air tap and thumb trigger. The paper details the design of the techniques for a touchless augmented reality interface and provides the results of a preliminary usability evaluation carried out in out-of-lab settings.},
keywords = {Air tap, Augmented Reality, Thumb trigger, Touchless interaction, Wait to click},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The paper deals with target selection techniques for wearable augmented reality systems. In particular, we focus on the three techniques most commonly used in distant freehand pointing and clicking on large displays: wait to click, air tap and thumb trigger. The paper details the design of the techniques for a touchless augmented reality interface and provides the results of a preliminary usability evaluation carried out in out-of-lab settings.
Brancati, Nadia; Caggianese, Giuseppe; Pietro, Giuseppe De; Frucci, Maria; Gallo, Luigi; Neroni, Pietro
Tecnologie Indossabili di Realt`a Virtuale e Aumentata per la Fruizione Interattiva del Patrimonio Culturale Proceedings Article
In: Chianese, Angelo; Bifulco, Francesco (Ed.): Proceedings del Workshop LOSAI Laboratori Open su Scienza Arte e Innovazione, pp. 49–60, Napoli, Italy, 2015, ISBN: 978-88-99130-20-6.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Ego-Vision, Touchless interaction, Virtual Reality, Wearable augmented reality
@inproceedings{brancatiTecnologieIndossabiliDi2015,
title = {Tecnologie Indossabili di Realt`a Virtuale e Aumentata per la Fruizione Interattiva del Patrimonio Culturale},
author = { Nadia Brancati and Giuseppe Caggianese and Giuseppe De Pietro and Maria Frucci and Luigi Gallo and Pietro Neroni},
editor = { Angelo Chianese and Francesco Bifulco},
isbn = {978-88-99130-20-6},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings del Workshop LOSAI Laboratori Open su Scienza Arte e Innovazione},
pages = {49--60},
address = {Napoli, Italy},
abstract = {La fruizione del patrimonio culturale, tangibile e intangibile, `e oggi in forte evoluzione. Il visitatore pu`o non solo guardare le opere, ma interagire, richiedere informazioni aggiuntive su ci`o che vede, inquadrare l'opera nel contesto socio-culturale. Le tecnologie di realt`a aumentata e virtuale stanno diventando sempre pi`u un valido strumento per rispondere a queste esigenze. Tuttavia, affinché tali tecnologie divengano un elemento efficace per la fruizione del patrimonio culturale, devono poter essere semplici da usare, non ingombranti e poter supportare il visitatore, fornendogli informazioni in qualsiasi luogo, outdoor (e.g., siti turistici, piazze), o indoor (e.g., musei, chiese). A valle di una panoramica delle nuove tecnologie e delle loro potenzialit`a, in questo articolo viene presentato un sistema prototipale che, tramite un dispositivo indossabile di realt`a aumentata adatto all'utilizzo sia indoor che outdoor, permette di interagire mediante comandi gestuali con le informazioni proiettate nel campo visivo dell'utente.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Ego-Vision, Touchless interaction, Virtual Reality, Wearable augmented reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
La fruizione del patrimonio culturale, tangibile e intangibile, `e oggi in forte evoluzione. Il visitatore pu`o non solo guardare le opere, ma interagire, richiedere informazioni aggiuntive su ci`o che vede, inquadrare l'opera nel contesto socio-culturale. Le tecnologie di realt`a aumentata e virtuale stanno diventando sempre pi`u un valido strumento per rispondere a queste esigenze. Tuttavia, affinché tali tecnologie divengano un elemento efficace per la fruizione del patrimonio culturale, devono poter essere semplici da usare, non ingombranti e poter supportare il visitatore, fornendogli informazioni in qualsiasi luogo, outdoor (e.g., siti turistici, piazze), o indoor (e.g., musei, chiese). A valle di una panoramica delle nuove tecnologie e delle loro potenzialit`a, in questo articolo viene presentato un sistema prototipale che, tramite un dispositivo indossabile di realt`a aumentata adatto all'utilizzo sia indoor che outdoor, permette di interagire mediante comandi gestuali con le informazioni proiettate nel campo visivo dell'utente.
2014
Caggianese, Giuseppe; Neroni, Pietro; Gallo, Luigi
Natural Interaction and Wearable Augmented Reality for the Enjoyment of the Cultural Heritage in Outdoor Conditions Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Augmented and Virtual Reality (AVR 2014), pp. 267–282, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Lecce, Italy, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Natural User Interfaces
@inproceedings{caggianeseNaturalInteractionWearable2014,
title = {Natural Interaction and Wearable Augmented Reality for the Enjoyment of the Cultural Heritage in Outdoor Conditions},
author = { Giuseppe Caggianese and Pietro Neroni and Luigi Gallo},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-13969-2_20},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-01},
urldate = {2016-12-06},
booktitle = {International Conference on Augmented and Virtual Reality (AVR 2014)},
volume = {8853},
pages = {267--282},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland},
address = {Lecce, Italy},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)},
abstract = {In this paper, a first prototype of a wearable, interactive augmented reality (AR) system for the enjoyment of the cultural heritage in outdoor environments, is presented. By using a binocular see-through display and a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor, the system provides the users with a visual augmentation of their surroundings and with touchless interaction techniques to interact with synthetic elements overlapping with the real world. The papers describes the hardware and software system components, and details the interface specifically designed for a socially acceptable cultural heritage exploration. Furthermore, the paper discusses the lesson learned from the first public presentation of the prototype we have carried out in Naples, Italy.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Cultural heritage, Natural User Interfaces},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper, a first prototype of a wearable, interactive augmented reality (AR) system for the enjoyment of the cultural heritage in outdoor environments, is presented. By using a binocular see-through display and a time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensor, the system provides the users with a visual augmentation of their surroundings and with touchless interaction techniques to interact with synthetic elements overlapping with the real world. The papers describes the hardware and software system components, and details the interface specifically designed for a socially acceptable cultural heritage exploration. Furthermore, the paper discusses the lesson learned from the first public presentation of the prototype we have carried out in Naples, Italy.
2011
Placitelli, Alessio Pierluigi; Gallo, Luigi
Low-Cost Augmented Reality Systems via 3D Point Cloud Sensors Proceedings Article
In: SITIS '11: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Signal Image Technology & Internet Based Systems, pp. 188–192, IEEE Computer Society, Dijon - France, 2011, ISBN: 978-0-7695-4635-3.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Point cloud
@inproceedings{placitelliLowCostAugmentedReality2011,
title = {Low-Cost Augmented Reality Systems via 3D Point Cloud Sensors},
author = { Alessio Pierluigi Placitelli and Luigi Gallo},
doi = {10.1109/SITIS.2011.43},
isbn = {978-0-7695-4635-3},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-12-01},
booktitle = {SITIS '11: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Signal Image Technology & Internet Based Systems},
pages = {188--192},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Dijon - France},
abstract = {In this paper, we explore the use of widely available and low-priced 3D point cloud sensors, such as the Microsoft XBox Kinecttexttrademark and Asus Xtion PRO LIVEtexttrademark, in the application of computer-generated imagery in live-video streams in Augmented Reality (AR) systems. Specifically, we examine the typical pipeline of AR applications and explore the potential simplifications derived from the use of such devices during the calibration and registration steps, which are the most computationally expensive and time consuming. Moreover, we describe how to approach the problem of face alignment, that is the aligning of a previously captured model of a face to newly captured data, by using 3D point cloud data and open-source libraries.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Point cloud},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper, we explore the use of widely available and low-priced 3D point cloud sensors, such as the Microsoft XBox Kinecttexttrademark and Asus Xtion PRO LIVEtexttrademark, in the application of computer-generated imagery in live-video streams in Augmented Reality (AR) systems. Specifically, we examine the typical pipeline of AR applications and explore the potential simplifications derived from the use of such devices during the calibration and registration steps, which are the most computationally expensive and time consuming. Moreover, we describe how to approach the problem of face alignment, that is the aligning of a previously captured model of a face to newly captured data, by using 3D point cloud data and open-source libraries.
Placitelli, Alessio Pierluigi; Gallo, Luigi
3D Point Cloud Sensors for Low-cost Medical In-situ Visualization Proceedings Article
In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW), pp. 596–597, IEEE, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2011, ISBN: 978-1-4577-1613-3.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 3D registration, Augmented Reality, Healthcare, Kinect
@inproceedings{placitelli3DPointCloud2011,
title = {3D Point Cloud Sensors for Low-cost Medical In-situ Visualization},
author = { Alessio Pierluigi Placitelli and Luigi Gallo},
doi = {10.1109/BIBMW.2011.6112435},
isbn = {978-1-4577-1613-3},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-11-01},
booktitle = {2011 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW)},
pages = {596--597},
publisher = {IEEE},
address = {Atlanta, GA, USA},
abstract = {Medical in-situ visualization deals with the display of the patient's specific imaging data at the location where they actually are. To be effective, it requires high end I/O devices, and computationally expensive and time-consuming calibration and registration steps. In this paper, we explore the use of widely available and low-priced 3D point cloud sensors in medical augmented reality (AR) applications. Specifically, we examine the typical pipeline of AR applications and explore the potential simplifications derived from the use of RGB-D cameras during the calibration and registration steps. Moreover, we describe a low-cost system built from open-source components that takes advantage of 3D point cloud data to apply medical imagery to live-video streams of patients.},
keywords = {3D registration, Augmented Reality, Healthcare, Kinect},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Medical in-situ visualization deals with the display of the patient's specific imaging data at the location where they actually are. To be effective, it requires high end I/O devices, and computationally expensive and time-consuming calibration and registration steps. In this paper, we explore the use of widely available and low-priced 3D point cloud sensors in medical augmented reality (AR) applications. Specifically, we examine the typical pipeline of AR applications and explore the potential simplifications derived from the use of RGB-D cameras during the calibration and registration steps. Moreover, we describe a low-cost system built from open-source components that takes advantage of 3D point cloud data to apply medical imagery to live-video streams of patients.
2010
Sorce, Salvatore; Augello, Agnese; Santangelo, Antonella; Gentile, Antonio; Genco, Alessandro; Gaglio, Salvatore; Pilato, Giovanni
Interacting with Augmented Environments Journal Article
In: IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 56–58, 2010, ISSN: 15361268.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Pervasive Systems
@article{sorceInteractingAugmentedEnvironments2010,
title = {Interacting with Augmented Environments},
author = { Salvatore Sorce and Agnese Augello and Antonella Santangelo and Antonio Gentile and Alessandro Genco and Salvatore Gaglio and Giovanni Pilato},
doi = {10.1109/MPRV.2010.34},
issn = {15361268},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Pervasive Computing},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {56--58},
abstract = {The interactions of users and individuals with augmented environments are discussed. Pervasive systems have been observed to augment environments by integrating information into regular objects and activities. They consist of two parts, such as a visible part populated by animate or inanimate (AI) entities interacting with the environment through digital devices and an invisible part composed of software objects performing specific tasks. Researchers at the University of Palermo are developing a classification of devices to support more integrated interaction among pervasive system devices. They are developing the classification with specific reference to computing, memory, I/O, and networking capabilities. The device classifications and model definition will also support everything middleware designers use to create pervasive systems.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Pervasive Systems},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The interactions of users and individuals with augmented environments are discussed. Pervasive systems have been observed to augment environments by integrating information into regular objects and activities. They consist of two parts, such as a visible part populated by animate or inanimate (AI) entities interacting with the environment through digital devices and an invisible part composed of software objects performing specific tasks. Researchers at the University of Palermo are developing a classification of devices to support more integrated interaction among pervasive system devices. They are developing the classification with specific reference to computing, memory, I/O, and networking capabilities. The device classifications and model definition will also support everything middleware designers use to create pervasive systems.